73.040 (Coals) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2799-11 煤炭中的煤素质组分的显微镜检验的标准试验方法

The volume percent of physical components of coal is used as an aid in coal seam correlation and in the characterization of coals for their use in carbonization, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion processes. This test method is for use in scientific and industrial research, not compliance or referee tests. 1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques used for determining the physical composition of a coal sample in terms of volume percent of the organic components and of mineral matter, if desired. 1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean both force and mass and care must be taken to determine which is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for mass, kilogram). 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal

ASTM D5865-10 煤炭和焦炭总热值的标准测试方法

The gross calorific value can be used to compute the total calorific content of the quantity of coal or coke represented by the sample for payment purposes. The gross calorific value can be used for computing the calorific value versus sulfur content to determine whether the coal meets regulatory requirements for industrial fuels. The gross calorific value can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of beneficiation processes. The gross calorific value can be required to classify coals according to Classification D388.1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the gross calorific value of coal and coke by either an isoperibol or adiabatic bomb calorimeter. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke

ASTM D7582-10e1 煤和焦炭的宏观热重量分析法标准试验方法

Moisture, as determined by this instrumental test method, is used for calculating other analytical results to a dry basis using procedures in Practice D3180. Moisture can be used in conjunction with the air-dry moisture loss determined by Test Method D3302 to determine total moisture in coal. Total moisture is used for calculating other analytical results to an as-received basis using Practice D3180. Ash yield is the residue remaining after heating the coal and coke samples (see Note 1). Note 18212;The ash obtained differs in composition and amount from the mineral constituents present in the original coal. Combustion causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrite into iron oxides and sulfur oxides, and other chemical reactions. Ash yield, as determined by this test method, can differ from the amount of ash produced in furnace operations or other combustion systems because combustion conditions influence the chemistry and amount of ash. Ash yield is used, (1) as a parameter for evaluating sampling procedures and coal cleaning processes, (2) in the ultimate analysis calculation of oxygen by difference using Practice D3176, (3) in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction, (4) in calculations to estimate the loading on electrostatic precipitators and on the fly ash and bottom ash disposal systems as well as erosion rates on boiler systems. Volatile matter yield, when determined as herein described, may be used to (1) indicate coke yield on carbonization, (2) provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or (3) establish combustion characteristics. Fixed carbon is a calculated value. It is the difference between 100 and the sum of the percent moisture, ash, and volatile matter. All percents shall be on the same moisture reference base. Moisture, ash, and volatile matter are three of the principal parameters used for assessing the quality of coal.1.1 These instrumental test methods cover the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash, and the calculation of fixed carbon in the analysis of coal and coke samples prepared in accordance with Practice D2013 and Practice D346. 1.2 These instrumental test methods are not applicable to thermogravimetric analyzers using microgram size samples. 1.3 Test Methods D3173, D3174, and D3175 shall be considered the referee test methods. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5

Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis

ASTM D409/D409M-09 粉碎机法测定煤炭易磨性的标准试验方法

This test method develops a measurement of grinding or pulverizing characteristics that can be used to evaluate the yield, or energy input, or both, required in a grinding or pulverizing process.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding (Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)). 1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18-mm by 600-μm (No. 16 × No. 30) (see Test Method D 4749) materials used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 It is recognized that the term weight is considered equivalent to mass as used in this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method

ASTM D2013/D2013M-09 分析用煤样品的标准制备方法

Other standards are used to collect the gross sample: Practice D2234/D2234M allows for one division of the gross sample before crushing. The mass and top size of the gross or divided sample collected by using these guides and practices are usually too large for chemical or physical testing. Practice D2013 provide instructions for reducing and dividing the gross or divided sample, by on-line or off-line processes, or both, to a top size and mass suitable to the performance of testing. Any bias in the gross or divided sample before adherence to this practice will remain in the final sample resulting from use of this practice. Therefore, carefully select the standard to be used to collect the gross sample. Division and reduction of a sample may occur at more than one location. Most often, the sample is collected, reduced, and divided (one or more times) by use of a mechanical sampling system. The remaining sample may be further divided on-site to facilitate transporting it to the laboratory where further reduction and division likely occurs before analysis. In places, this practice requires air drying the sample before subsequent reduction. Procedures for air drying and air-dry loss determination are provided in Test Method D3302. Most often, samples are reduced and divided to an analysis sample. However, some tests may require a sample of different mass or top size. This procedure may be used to provide a sample of any mass and size consist from the gross or divided sample to, and including, the analysis sample. This practice also specifies how to prepare composite samples, if required.1.1 This practice covers the reduction and division of gross or divided samples, and the preparation of composite samples, up to and including the individual portions for laboratory analysis. 1.2 Reduction and division procedures are prescribed for coals of the following groups: 1.2.1 Group A includes coals that have been cleaned in all sizes. 1.2.2 Group B includes all other coals. Unknown coals are to be considered under Group B. 1.2.3 Group A allows smaller weight laboratory samples to be retained than Group B. These lower weights may be used for particular coals if they have been shown, by using the procedures of Annex A1.2, to give a sample preparation and analysis variance which is no more than 20 % of the total analysis variance. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. A1.1.1 This method covers procedures for checking precision of sample preparation and analysis of the various stages. The data obtained from tests using consistent sample preparation and analysis method are used to estimate the random errors in the various stages of sample division and analysis. A1.......

Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis

ASTM D409/D409M-09a 用Hardgrove试验机法测定煤的可磨性的标准试验方法

This test method develops a measurement of grinding or pulverizing characteristics that can be used to evaluate the yield, or energy input, or both, required in a grinding or pulverizing process, which can impact a wide variety of processes, including combustion, coke-making, liquefaction, and gasification.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding [Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)]. 1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18 × 0.60 mm (No. 16 × 30) (see Test Method D4749) materials used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method

ASTM D4596-09 收集矿井中掘槽采样煤的标准实施规程

A properly collected face channel sample that includes the total coal bed interval provides a sample that is a representative cross section of the coal bed at the point of sampling. Channel samples are taken for subsequent testing needed for evaluation of coal quality and characterization for commercial evaluations, for planning of mining operations to maintain coal quality, for the determination of coal rank in accordance with Classification D 388, and for geologic coal resource studies. Note 18212;Because of the potential for lateral variability, a sample may not represent the quality of the coal bed at another sample point. The reliability of the data generated from channel samples is dependent on the number and spacing of the sample points and the variability of the coal characteristics in a given area. Note 28212;Sampling of the mine product for these purposes is unsatisfactory because of contamination of the product with out-of-seam material, selective mining of parts of a seam, inability to obtain samples from one or more specific locations in the mine, or other incompatibility of the purpose of sampling with the mining practice. Conversely, channel samples should not be used for evaluation of the quality of commercial shipments of the mine product, which should be sampled in accordance with Methods D 2234. 1.1 This practice describes procedures for collecting a coal sample from a channel extending from top to bottom in the face of a coal seam in a mine. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see Note 2. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in a Mine

ASTM D2799-09 微观确定煤的实际组份所占体积百分比的试验方法

The volume percent of physical components of coal is used as an aid in coal seam correlation and in the characterization of coals for their use in carbonization, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion processes. This test method is for use in scientific and industrial research, not compliance or referee tests. 1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques used for determining the physical composition of a coal sample in terms of volume percent of the organic components and of mineral matter, if desired. 1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean both force and mass and care must be taken to determine which is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for mass, kilogram). 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal

ASTM D2797/D2797M-09 煤炭抽样制备的反光显微镜分析

Briquets of granular bituminous coals and anthracite prepared in accordance with the laboratory procedures of this practice will have flat, scratch-free surfaces suitable for examination with a microscope using reflected light illumination. The polished surfaces of briquettes prepared by this practice will contain particles representative of the original gross sample. Samples prepared by this practice are used for microscopical determination of the reflectance of the organic components in a polished specimen of coal (Test Method D 2798) and for microscopical determination of the volume percent of physical components of coal (Test Method D 2799).1.1 This practice covers laboratory procedures for the preparation of granular samples of bituminous coal and anthracite samples for examination with a microscope using reflected light illumination. It does not apply to the preparation of oriented blocks of coal. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light

ASTM D5192-09 芯中煤样品的收集的标准实施规程

A properly collected sample that includes the total coal bed interval provides a sample that is a representative cross section of the coal bed at the point of sampling. Core samples are taken for subsequent testing needed for evaluation of coal quality and characterization for commercial evaluations, for planning of mining operations to maintain coal quality, for the determination of coal rank in accordance with Classification D 388, and for geologic coal resource studies. Note 18212;Because of the potential for lateral variability, a sample may not represent the quality of the coal bed at another sample point. The reliability of the data generated from core samples is dependent on the number and spacing of the sample points and the variability of the coal characteristics in a given area. Moisture determined directly from a core sample shall be considered questionable in any core sample because of possible contamination from drilling fluids and groundwater. If a more representative estimate of the inherent moisture content of the core sample (with the exception of certain low-rank coals) is desired, the sample should be analyzed according to Test Method D 1412. 1.1 This practice describes procedures for collecting and handling a coal sample from a core recovered from a borehole. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from Core

ASTM D7582-09 运用总体热重分析法对煤和焦炭的进行相似分析的标准测试方法

Moisture, as determined by this instrumental test method, is used for calculating other analytical results to a dry basis using procedures in Practice D3180. Moisture can be used in conjunction with the air-dry moisture loss determined by Test Method D3302 to determine total moisture in coal. Total moisture is used for calculating other analytical results to an as-received basis using Practice D3180. Ash yield is the residue remaining after heating the coal and coke samples (see Note 1). Note 18212;The ash obtained differs in composition and amount from the mineral constituents present in the original coal. Combustion causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrite into iron oxides and sulfur oxides, and other chemical reactions. Ash yield, as determined by this test method, can differ from the amount of ash produced in furnace operations or other combustion systems because combustion conditions influence the chemistry and amount of ash. Ash yield is used, (1) as a parameter for evaluating sampling procedures and coal cleaning processes, (2) in the ultimate analysis calculation of oxygen by difference using Practice D3176, (3) in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction, (4) in calculations to estimate the loading on electrostatic precipitators and on the fly ash and bottom ash disposal systems as well as erosion rates on boiler systems. Volatile matter yield, when determined as herein described, may be used to (1) indicate coke yield on carbonization, (2) provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or (3) establish combustion characteristics. Fixed carbon is a calculated value. It is the difference between 100 and the sum of the percent moisture, ash, and volatile matter. All percents shall be on the same moisture reference base. Moisture, ash, and volatile matter are three of the principal parameters used for assessing the quality of coal.1.1 These instrumental test methods cover the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash, and the calculation of fixed carbon in the analysis of coal and coke samples prepared in accordance with Practice D2013 and Practice D346. 1.2 These instrumental test methods are not applicable to thermogravimetric analyzers using microgram size samples. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis

ASTM D409-08 聚氯乙烯（PVC）透层窗/滑动玻璃门的标准规范

This test method develops a measurement of grinding or pulverizing characteristics that can be used to evaluate the yield, or energy input, or both, required in a grinding or pulverizing process.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding (Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)). 1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18-mm by 600-μm (No. 16 × No. 30) (see Test Method D 4749) materials used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses may be approximate. 1.3 It is recognized that the term weight is considered equivalent to mass as used in this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method

ASTM D6609-08 煤随机抽样的标准指南

This guide provides instructions for sampling by collecting individual increments from part of a cross section of a moving stream of coal, as opposed to collection of individual increments by removal of a full cross section of material. The use of part-stream sampling, and the detailed procedures for each case, should be agreed upon in advance by all parties concerned. Samples collected by use of this guide are not probability samples. The user is cautioned that samples of this type do not satisfy the minimum requirements for probability sampling and as such cannot be used to obtain any meaningful statistical inferences such as the sampling precision, standard error, or bias. All parties should be cautioned that manual sampling of coal from a moving stream might not enable sampling of the material that is furthermost from the point of entry into stream by the sampling device. 1.1 This guide covers general principles for obtaining a gross sample of coal by taking increments from part of a stream of coal rather than from the entire stream to be sampled. The usefulness of results from this guide will vary greatly depending on such factors as top size of the coal, size consistency of the coal, variability of the coal, and such logistical factors as the flow rate of the coal in process and physical accessibility of the sampling station. 1.2 This guide should be used only when it is not possible to use a method of sampling that produces a probability sample. 1.3 Sample preparation procedures involving crushing are contained in Practice D 2013. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of Coal

ASTM D4596-08 煤矿煤矿通道采样标准实践

A properly collected face channel sample that includes the total coal bed interval provides a sample that is a representative cross section of the coal bed at the point of sampling. Channel samples are taken for subsequent testing needed for evaluation of coal quality and characterization for commercial evaluations, for planning of mining operations to maintain coal quality, for the determination of coal rank in accordance with Classification D 388, and for geologic coal resource studies. Note 18212;Because of the potential for lateral variability, a sample may not represent the quality of the coal bed at another sample point. The reliability of the data generated from channel samples is dependent on the number and spacing of the sample points and the variability of the coal characteristics in a given area. Note 28212;Sampling of the mine product for these purposes is unsatisfactory because of contamination of the product with out-of-seam material, selective mining of parts of a seam, inability to obtain samples from one or more specific locations in the mine, or other incompatibility of the purpose of sampling with the mining practice. Conversely, channel samples should not be used for evaluation of the quality of commercial shipments of the mine product, which should be sampled in accordance with Methods D 2234. 1.1 This practice describes procedures for collecting a coal sample from a channel extending from top to bottom in the face of a coal seam in a mine. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see Note 2. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in a Mine

ASTM D6609-08(2015) 煤随机抽样的标准指南

5.1 This guide provides instructions for sampling by collecting individual increments from part of a cross section of a moving stream of coal, as opposed to collection of individual increments by removal of a full cross section of material. The use of part-stream sampling, and the detailed procedures for each case, should be agreed upon in advance by all parties concerned. Samples collected by use of this guide are not probability samples. The user is cautioned that samples of this type do not satisfy the minimum requirements for probability sampling and as such cannot be used to obtain any meaningful statistical inferences such as the sampling precision, standard error, or bias. 5.2 All parties should be cautioned that manual sampling of coal from a moving stream might not enable sampling of the material that is furthermost from the point of entry into stream by the sampling device. 1.1 This guide covers general principles for obtaining a gross sample of coal by taking increments from part of a stream of coal rather than from the entire stream to be sampled. The usefulness of results from this guide will vary greatly depending on such factors as top size of the coal, size consistency of the coal, variability of the coal, and such logistical factors as the flow rate of the coal in process and physical accessibility of the sampling station. 1.2 This guide should be used only when it is not possible to use a method of sampling that produces a probability sample. 1.3 Sample preparation procedures involving crushing are contained in Practice D2013. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of Coal

ASTM D5865-07a 煤和焦炭总热值的标准试验方法

The gross calorific value can be used to compute the total calorific content of the quantity of coal or coke represented by the sample for payment purposes. The gross calorific value can be used for computing the calorific value versus sulfur content to determine whether the coal meets regulatory requirements for industrial fuels. The gross calorific value can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of beneficiation processes. The gross calorific value can be required to classify coals according to Classification D 388.1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the gross calorific value of coal and coke by either an isoperibol or adiabatic bomb calorimeter. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke

ASTM D441-07(2012) 煤的滚筒试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative friability of a particular size of sized coal. It affords a means of measuring the liability of coal to break into smaller pieces when subjected to repeated handling at the mine or subsequently, by the distributor or by the consumer. This test method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in respect to friability rather than for determining values within narrow limits to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method also may serve to indicate the relative extent to which sized coals will suffer size degradation in certain mechanical feed devices. This test method may be used for differentiating between certain ranks and grades of coal, and therefore the test method is of service for coal classification purposes. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal

ASTM D1412-07 96%-97%相对湿度和30°C时煤的平衡湿气的标准试验方法

This test method affords a means of estimating the bed moisture of either coal that is wet and shows visible surface moisture or coal that may have lost some moisture. It may be used for estimating the surface, or extraneous moisture of wet coal, such moisture being the difference between the total moisture as determined by Test Method D 3302 and the equilibrium moisture. When samples are collected in conformity with Classification D 388, the equilibrium moisture is considered to be equal to bed moisture with the exception of some low rank coals that yield equilibrium moisture values below bed moisture. 3.3 The results obtained by this test method are sensitive to many influences, and therefore, raw (uncorrected) equilibrium moisture data may be of limited value in and of themselves. When working with low rank coals, the results yielded by this test method require critical assessments. It is recommended that the procedure outlined in the Appendix X1 be applied, and the results corrected before use in situations where a more reliable estimation inherent or bed moisture for low rank coals is required. The Appendix also provides useful quality assurance information which is applicable to coals of all ranks. 1.1 This test method covers determination of the equilibrium moisture of coal in an atmosphere over a saturated solution of potassium sulfate at 30C.Note 1For information concerning the experimental work on which this test method is based, see ().1.2 si-value;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Equilibrium Moisture of Coal at 96 to 97 Percent Relative Humidity and 30176;C

ASTM D4596-07 收集矿井中掘槽采样煤的标准实施规程

A properly collected face channel sample that includes the total coal bed interval provides a sample that is a representative cross section of the coal bed at the point of sampling. Channel samples are taken for subsequent testing needed for evaluation of coal quality and characterization for commercial evaluations, for planning of mining operations to maintain coal quality, for the determination of coal rank in accordance with Classification D 388, and for geologic coal resource studies. Note 18212;Because of the potential for lateral variability, a sample may not represent the quality of the coal bed at another sample point. The reliability of the data generated from channel samples is dependent on the number and spacing of the sample points and the variability of the coal characteristics in a given area. Note 28212;Sampling of the mine product for these purposes is unsatisfactory because of contamination of the product with out-of-seam material, selective mining of parts of a seam, inability to obtain samples from one or more specific locations in the mine, or other incompatibility of the purpose of sampling with the mining practice. Conversely, channel samples should not be used for evaluation of the quality of commercial shipments of the mine product, which should be sampled in accordance with Methods D 2234. 1.1 This practice describes procedures for collecting a coal sample from a channel extending from top to bottom in the face of a coal seam in a mine. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see Note 2.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; inch-pound units, which are provided for information, are approximations.

Standard Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in a Mine

ASTM D440-07 煤的跌落粉碎试验的标准试验方法

The values determined in this test method, when evaluated in terms of pertinent experience with other coals, may be used as indications of the extent to which coal will break in conventional transit and handling beyond the point of sampling.1.1 This test method of drop shatter test covers the determination of the relative size stability and its complement, the friability, of sized coal. It affords a means of indicating the ability of coal to withstand breakage when subjected to handling at the mine and during transit to the consumer. The test method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in respect to size stability and friability rather than for determining values within narrow limits in order to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method is considered applicable for testing a selected single size of different coals, for testing different single sizes of the same coal, and for mixed sizes of the same or different coals. Note 1By single sizes is meant those with fixed upper and lower sieve opening limits, selected from those designated in ; and by mixed sizes is meant either "slack" or a mixture of two or more single sizes.1.2 This test method appears best suited for measuring the relative resistance to breakage of the larger sizes of coal when handled in thin layers such as from loader to mine car, from loading boom to railroad car, from shovel to chute, etc. While it may not be so well adapted for measuring the liability to breakage of coal when handled in mass, as in unloading open-bottom cars, emptying bins, etc., it is believed that the test method will serve also to indicate the relative size stability of composite sizes of coal where, in commercial handling, the smaller sized pieces have a cushioning effect which tends to lessen the breakage of the larger pieces of coal.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal